HIV infection is a chronic condition that weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections and diseases. It is primarily spread through unprotected sexual contact, contaminated blood transfusions, and needle sharing.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection FAQ


What are the early signs of HIV infection?

Early signs may include fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and body rash. However, many people with HIV do not experience any symptoms for years.

How is HIV transmitted?

HIV is mainly transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It can also be contracted through blood transfusions with contaminated blood.

What are the treatment options for HIV?

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the primary treatment for HIV. It involves a combination of medications to control the virus and prevent its progression.

Can HIV be cured?

Currently, there is no cure for HIV. However, with proper treatment, people with HIV can live long and healthy lives.

Are there any side effects of HIV medications?

Some common side effects of HIV medications may include nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, and headaches. It's important to discuss any concerns with a healthcare provider.

How can HIV transmission be prevented?

Practicing safe sex, using clean needles, and getting tested regularly for HIV are effective ways to prevent transmission. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is also available for those at high risk.

Is HIV the same as AIDS?

HIV is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated. However, not everyone with HIV will develop AIDS.

Can HIV be transmitted through saliva?

HIV cannot be transmitted through saliva, unless it contains visible blood. Normal daily contact, such as kissing or sharing utensils, does not pose a risk of HIV transmission.

What is the life expectancy with HIV?

With proper treatment and care, many people with HIV can have a near-normal life expectancy. Early diagnosis and consistent treatment play a crucial role in improving outcomes.

Is it safe to have children if one partner has HIV?

With appropriate medical guidance and treatment, it is possible for couples where one partner has HIV to safely have children without passing on the virus.

Does HIV only affect gay men?

HIV can affect anyone, regardless of sexual orientation. It is transmitted through specific behaviors, not sexual orientation.

Can HIV be transmitted through mosquito bites?

No, HIV cannot be transmitted through mosquito bites. The virus is not spread through casual contact or by insect vectors like mosquitoes.

Are there support groups for people living with HIV?

Yes, there are many support groups and resources available for individuals living with HIV. These groups offer emotional support, information, and advocacy.

What happens if HIV is left untreated?

Untreated HIV can lead to a weakened immune system, making the body susceptible to severe infections and certain cancers. Over time, it can progress to AIDS.

Can pets transmit HIV to humans?

No, pets cannot transmit HIV to humans. The virus is specific to humans and cannot be passed from pets to their owners.

Is it safe to work with someone who has HIV?

Yes, it is safe to work with someone who has HIV. HIV is not transmitted through casual contact or by sharing workspaces, equipment, or facilities.

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Information provided by Ms. Elena Owyong. Reviewed by Mr. Dean Koh